焊接鋼管機缺陷判斷-星大盛與您分享
發布時間: 2022/3/8
焊接鋼管機缺(que)陷判斷-佛(fo)山(shan)星大盛機械有限公(gong)司與(yu)您(nin)分享//fslongxinjixie.com
一(yi)(yi)、雙(shuang)(shuang)絲(si)(si)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)內(nei)外焊(han)(han)(han)(han)道(dao)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)移(yi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)判斷；方(fang)法有(you)(you)(you)三種(zhong):一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)取酸洗樣(yang)；二(er)是(shi)取金相樣(yang)，以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)兩(liang)種(zhong)比較(jiao)(jiao)準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)，但(dan)不(bu)(bu)可能(neng)根根取樣(yang)，第(di)三種(zhong)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)Х光工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)電視(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)可以(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)移(yi)，但(dan)準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)如前(qian)兩(liang)種(zhong)，尤其(qi)是(shi)雙(shuang)(shuang)絲(si)(si)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)， 單絲(si)(si)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)好判別，在(zai)(zai)Х工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)電視(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屏(ping)幕上(shang)(shang)(shang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)移(yi)基本(ben)上(shang)(shang)(shang)反(fan)映的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)實(shi)際偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)移(yi)，而(er)(er)雙(shuang)(shuang)絲(si)(si)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)若前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)絲(si)(si)對(dui)準(zhun)(zhun)，也能(neng)反(fan)映出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)實(shi)際偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)移(yi)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)判斷偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)移(yi)量(liang)是(shi)以(yi)前(qian)絲(si)(si)為準(zhun)(zhun)，前(qian)絲(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)不(bu)(bu)會出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)缺陷(xian)。Х光拍片(pian)看到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)條白線(xian)，是(shi)因(yin)為焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)處(chu)比母(mu)材(cai)厚，吸收了(le)(le)(le)(le)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)射線(xian)。而(er)(er)Х光工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)電視(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)看到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)道(dao)黑線(xian)，原理(li)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)不(bu)(bu)過(guo)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)是(shi)正片(pian)，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)是(shi)反(fan)片(pian)。是(shi)因(yin)為焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)有(you)(you)(you)加強高度(du)(du)(du)，與板材(cai)有(you)(you)(you)厚度(du)(du)(du)差(cha)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)端處(chu)將焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)修(xiu)磨(mo)的(de)(de)(de)比較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)話，就(jiu)很難找(zhao)到(dao)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)。若前(qian)絲(si)(si)與后(hou)(hou)(hou)絲(si)(si)分岔，前(qian)絲(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，而(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)絲(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)帽子(zi)戴偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，就(jiu)會在(zai)(zai)屏(ping)幕上(shang)(shang)(shang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)移(yi)量(liang)超(chao)標，這就(jiu)要(yao)用(yong)金相樣(yang)去(qu)驗(yan)證。最可怕的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)前(qian)絲(si)(si)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)移(yi)超(chao)標，由于(yu)帽戴偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，在(zai)(zai)屏(ping)幕上(shang)(shang)(shang)顯(xian)示內(nei)外焊(han)(han)(han)(han)道(dao)沒有(you)(you)(you)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，嚴重(zhong)時(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)輕微(wei)未焊(han)(han)(han)(han)透Х工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)電視(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)不(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。 1、液化裂紋(wen)又(you)按形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)稱為八字形(xing)(xing)裂紋(wen)、這種(zhong)裂紋(wen)在(zai)(zai)某廠(chang)(chang)用(yong)Q235原料生產(chan)時(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)過(guo)，裂紋(wen)在(zai)(zai)雙(shuang)(shuang)絲(si)(si)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)2號(hao)絲(si)(si)與1號(hao)絲(si)(si)結合處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)邊緣，呈(cheng)八字形(xing)(xing)，Χ工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)電視(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沒有(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)，用(yong)超(chao)聲(sheng)波(bo)手探發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)，而(er)(er)且是(shi)只(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)某一(yi)(yi)角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)才能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)。降(jiang)低熱(re)輸入后(hou)(hou)(hou)基本(ben)解決了(le)(le)(le)(le)。 2、某廠(chang)(chang)生產(chan)小徑管(guan)(guan)(guan)，成型(xing)又(you)是(shi)小角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)，連續出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)縱向裂紋(wen)消(xiao)除不(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)無意中提高焊(han)(han)(han)(han)速后(hou)(hou)(hou)，裂紋(wen)消(xiao)除。 3、某廠(chang)(chang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)外焊(han)(han)(han)(han)道(dao)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)流嚴重(zhong)、有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)段時(shi)間找(zhao)不(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)原因(yin)，解決不(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)來(lai)經查(cha)，原因(yin)很簡單，是(shi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)流向問題(ti)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)劑(ji)從上(shang)(shang)(shang)坡向下流將未凝(ning)固的(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)金屬壓偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)造成的(de)(de)(de)。 4、管(guan)(guan)(guan)體檢驗(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)重(zhong)視(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)夠，只(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)視(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)質(zhi)量(liang)檢驗(yan)，特(te)別是(shi)外壓坑，板材(cai)超(chao)聲(sheng)波(bo)探傷不(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)，Х光工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)電視(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)只(zhi)(zhi)檢焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)及相鄰處(chu)得母(mu)材(cai)，若不(bu)(bu)進行全管(guan)(guan)(guan)體目視(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)檢查(cha)極易(yi)(yi)漏掉(diao)此(ci)(ci)事曾發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生過(guo)幾次(ci)(ci)，有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)管(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)廠(chang)(chang)判為合格，出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)廠(chang)(chang)倒運到(dao)防(fang)(fang)腐廠(chang)(chang)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)進行外防(fang)(fang)腐，拋丸除銹后(hou)(hou)(hou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體有(you)(you)(you)個(ge)比較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)壓坑，管(guan)(guan)(guan)廠(chang)(chang)將此(ci)(ci)管(guan)(guan)(guan)拉(la)回，又(you)過(guo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)電磁超(chao)聲(sheng)沒有(you)(you)(you)報警，后(hou)(hou)(hou)又(you)用(yong)超(chao)聲(sheng)波(bo)手探，對(dui)著(zhu)壓坑探，盡管(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)(you)(you)傷波(bo)比較(jiao)(jiao)低，不(bu)(bu)超(chao)標。還有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)廠(chang)(chang)將氧(yang)氣還是(shi)等離子(zi)在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體上(shang)(shang)(shang)燒的(de)(de)(de)坑的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)到(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)去(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。也與此(ci)(ci)有(you)(you)(you)關。 5、直(zhi)縫(feng)埋弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)端處(chu)，是(shi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)起弧(hu)和落弧(hu)點極易(yi)(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)問題(ti)；螺旋埋弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)易(yi)(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)主要(yao)在(zai)(zai)對(dui)頭(tou)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)根管(guan)(guan)(guan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。要(yao)特(te)別引起注意。
二、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)缺(que)陷(xian)(xian) 1、氣(qi)(qi)孔，形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)，近似圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)原因是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)體混入(ru)(ru)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)，來不(bu)(bu)及排除形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 2、夾(jia)雜(za):不(bu)(bu)規則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條狀(zhuang)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)渣及低熔(rong)點雜(za)質(zhi)混入(ru)(ru)已熔(rong)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)，來不(bu)(bu)及浮出(chu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 3夾(jia)珠或(huo)(huo)稱鐵(tie)豆，一(yi)(yi)般是(shi)(shi)(shi)夾(jia)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)氣(qi)(qi)孔內(nei)(nei)(nei)，多是(shi)(shi)(shi)被混入(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)鐵(tie)，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 4、未(wei)(wei)融合(he)(he)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)母材邊緣夾(jia)被污染，沒有和焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)融合(he)(he)，多層(ceng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)渣皮沒有清(qing)理干凈等造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。 5、未(wei)(wei)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)透(tou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電流(liu)大(da)(da)小，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)速過(guo)(guo)(guo)快，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)絲斷(duan)弧，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)偏(pian)等造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。 6、裂紋(wen)(wen)(wen):縱向裂紋(wen)(wen)(wen)多是(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)變形(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)，微橋擺動過(guo)(guo)(guo)猛，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)墊輥(gun)位(wei)置不(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)適造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，橫向裂紋(wen)(wen)(wen)與(yu)(yu)母材雜(za)質(zhi)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)熱(re)輸入(ru)(ru)量有關系。 熱(re)裂紋(wen)(wen)(wen) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)埋弧焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)中(zhong)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)可產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)熱(re)裂紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，特(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)起弧和熄弧弧坑處由(you)于(yu)溫差大(da)(da)容(rong)易(yi)發生(sheng)(sheng)熱(re)裂紋(wen)(wen)(wen)。熱(re)裂紋(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)應力(li)很大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Si含(han)量很高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候最(zui)容(rong)易(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)。 三、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外觀(guan)缺(que)陷(xian)(xian) 1咬邊 咬邊是(shi)(shi)(shi)沿著焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)中(zhong)心(xin)線(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)邊部(bu)(bu)與(yu)(yu)管(guan)體過(guo)(guo)(guo)渡區(qu)出(chu)現溝槽。咬邊是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)速、電流(liu)、電壓(ya)等條件匹配不(bu)(bu)適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 2焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)瘤(liu) 焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，熔(rong)化(hua)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)流(liu)淌到焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之外未(wei)(wei)融化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)母材上所(suo)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)瘤(liu)。 3搭焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han) 鋼(gang)板邊緣上、下錯位(wei)對接(jie)，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)不(bu)(bu)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為管(guan)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)錯位(wei)或(huo)(huo)管(guan)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)搭焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)。 4過(guo)(guo)(guo)燒 焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，融化(hua)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)溫度過(guo)(guo)(guo)高自坡口流(liu)出(chu)，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)缺(que)陷(xian)(xian)。 5壓(ya)坑 軋輥(gun)麻點或(huo)(huo)輥(gun)面(mian)(mian)與(yu)(yu)管(guan)坯間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬物(wu)使(shi)管(guan)材表面(mian)(mian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低凹(ao)壓(ya)痕(hen)。 6焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)偏(pian) 焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)道偏(pian)離焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)中(zhong)心(xin)線(xian)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)偏(pian)離的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang) 7焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)灰斑 高頻電阻焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)（HFW）焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)方式所(suo)特(te)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)缺(que)陷(xian)(xian)。其特(te)征是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)拉伸試樣或(huo)(huo)沖擊試樣焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)宏觀(guan)端(duan)口上所(suo)出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)光澤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灰色(se)區(qu)域。通常認為，灰斑對焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度水(shui)平無明顯(xian)影(ying)響，但(dan)對焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)韌性和塑(su)性影(ying)響較大(da)(da)。 8 溝狀(zhuang)腐蝕(shi)(shi) 溝狀(zhuang)腐蝕(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)ERW鋼(gang)管(guan)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)種特(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐蝕(shi)(shi)現象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。服役于(yu)海(hai)水(shui)和工業用水(shui)等介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電阻焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)區(qu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇性局部(bu)(bu)腐蝕(shi)(shi)現象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)稱為溝狀(zhuang)腐蝕(shi)(shi)，多從(cong)表面(mian)(mian)開始呈連(lian)續或(huo)(huo)非連(lian)續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝狀(zhuang)，它(ta)可以導(dao)致(zhi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)年至數年內(nei)(nei)(nei)腐蝕(shi)(shi)穿孔。
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一(yi)(yi)、雙(shuang)(shuang)絲(si)(si)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)內(nei)外焊(han)(han)(han)(han)道(dao)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)移(yi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)判斷；方(fang)法有(you)(you)(you)三種(zhong):一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)取酸洗樣(yang)；二(er)是(shi)取金相樣(yang)，以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)兩(liang)種(zhong)比較(jiao)(jiao)準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)，但(dan)不(bu)(bu)可能(neng)根根取樣(yang)，第(di)三種(zhong)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)Х光工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)電視(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)可以(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)移(yi)，但(dan)準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)如前(qian)兩(liang)種(zhong)，尤其(qi)是(shi)雙(shuang)(shuang)絲(si)(si)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)， 單絲(si)(si)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)好判別，在(zai)(zai)Х工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)電視(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屏(ping)幕上(shang)(shang)(shang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)移(yi)基本(ben)上(shang)(shang)(shang)反(fan)映的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)實(shi)際偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)移(yi)，而(er)(er)雙(shuang)(shuang)絲(si)(si)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)若前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)絲(si)(si)對(dui)準(zhun)(zhun)，也能(neng)反(fan)映出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)實(shi)際偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)移(yi)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)判斷偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)移(yi)量(liang)是(shi)以(yi)前(qian)絲(si)(si)為準(zhun)(zhun)，前(qian)絲(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)不(bu)(bu)會出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)缺陷(xian)。Х光拍片(pian)看到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)條白線(xian)，是(shi)因(yin)為焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)處(chu)比母(mu)材(cai)厚，吸收了(le)(le)(le)(le)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)射線(xian)。而(er)(er)Х光工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)電視(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)看到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)道(dao)黑線(xian)，原理(li)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)不(bu)(bu)過(guo)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)是(shi)正片(pian)，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)是(shi)反(fan)片(pian)。是(shi)因(yin)為焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)有(you)(you)(you)加強高度(du)(du)(du)，與板材(cai)有(you)(you)(you)厚度(du)(du)(du)差(cha)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)端處(chu)將焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)修(xiu)磨(mo)的(de)(de)(de)比較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)話，就(jiu)很難找(zhao)到(dao)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)。若前(qian)絲(si)(si)與后(hou)(hou)(hou)絲(si)(si)分岔，前(qian)絲(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，而(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)絲(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)帽子(zi)戴偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，就(jiu)會在(zai)(zai)屏(ping)幕上(shang)(shang)(shang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)移(yi)量(liang)超(chao)標，這就(jiu)要(yao)用(yong)金相樣(yang)去(qu)驗(yan)證。最可怕的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)前(qian)絲(si)(si)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)移(yi)超(chao)標，由于(yu)帽戴偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，在(zai)(zai)屏(ping)幕上(shang)(shang)(shang)顯(xian)示內(nei)外焊(han)(han)(han)(han)道(dao)沒有(you)(you)(you)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，嚴重(zhong)時(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)輕微(wei)未焊(han)(han)(han)(han)透Х工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)電視(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)不(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。 1、液化裂紋(wen)又(you)按形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)稱為八字形(xing)(xing)裂紋(wen)、這種(zhong)裂紋(wen)在(zai)(zai)某廠(chang)(chang)用(yong)Q235原料生產(chan)時(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)過(guo)，裂紋(wen)在(zai)(zai)雙(shuang)(shuang)絲(si)(si)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)2號(hao)絲(si)(si)與1號(hao)絲(si)(si)結合處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)邊緣，呈(cheng)八字形(xing)(xing)，Χ工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)電視(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沒有(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)，用(yong)超(chao)聲(sheng)波(bo)手探發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)，而(er)(er)且是(shi)只(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)某一(yi)(yi)角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)才能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)。降(jiang)低熱(re)輸入后(hou)(hou)(hou)基本(ben)解決了(le)(le)(le)(le)。 2、某廠(chang)(chang)生產(chan)小徑管(guan)(guan)(guan)，成型(xing)又(you)是(shi)小角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)，連續出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)縱向裂紋(wen)消(xiao)除不(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)無意中提高焊(han)(han)(han)(han)速后(hou)(hou)(hou)，裂紋(wen)消(xiao)除。 3、某廠(chang)(chang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)外焊(han)(han)(han)(han)道(dao)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)流嚴重(zhong)、有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)段時(shi)間找(zhao)不(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)原因(yin)，解決不(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)來(lai)經查(cha)，原因(yin)很簡單，是(shi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)流向問題(ti)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)劑(ji)從上(shang)(shang)(shang)坡向下流將未凝(ning)固的(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)金屬壓偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)造成的(de)(de)(de)。 4、管(guan)(guan)(guan)體檢驗(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)重(zhong)視(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)夠，只(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)視(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)質(zhi)量(liang)檢驗(yan)，特(te)別是(shi)外壓坑，板材(cai)超(chao)聲(sheng)波(bo)探傷不(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)，Х光工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)電視(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)只(zhi)(zhi)檢焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)及相鄰處(chu)得母(mu)材(cai)，若不(bu)(bu)進行全管(guan)(guan)(guan)體目視(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)檢查(cha)極易(yi)(yi)漏掉(diao)此(ci)(ci)事曾發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生過(guo)幾次(ci)(ci)，有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)管(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)廠(chang)(chang)判為合格，出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)廠(chang)(chang)倒運到(dao)防(fang)(fang)腐廠(chang)(chang)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)進行外防(fang)(fang)腐，拋丸除銹后(hou)(hou)(hou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體有(you)(you)(you)個(ge)比較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)壓坑，管(guan)(guan)(guan)廠(chang)(chang)將此(ci)(ci)管(guan)(guan)(guan)拉(la)回，又(you)過(guo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)電磁超(chao)聲(sheng)沒有(you)(you)(you)報警，后(hou)(hou)(hou)又(you)用(yong)超(chao)聲(sheng)波(bo)手探，對(dui)著(zhu)壓坑探，盡管(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)(you)(you)傷波(bo)比較(jiao)(jiao)低，不(bu)(bu)超(chao)標。還有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)廠(chang)(chang)將氧(yang)氣還是(shi)等離子(zi)在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體上(shang)(shang)(shang)燒的(de)(de)(de)坑的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)到(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)去(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。也與此(ci)(ci)有(you)(you)(you)關。 5、直(zhi)縫(feng)埋弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)端處(chu)，是(shi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)起弧(hu)和落弧(hu)點極易(yi)(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)問題(ti)；螺旋埋弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)易(yi)(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)主要(yao)在(zai)(zai)對(dui)頭(tou)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)根管(guan)(guan)(guan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。要(yao)特(te)別引起注意。
二、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)缺(que)陷(xian)(xian) 1、氣(qi)(qi)孔，形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)，近似圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)原因是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)體混入(ru)(ru)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)，來不(bu)(bu)及排除形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 2、夾(jia)雜(za):不(bu)(bu)規則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條狀(zhuang)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)渣及低熔(rong)點雜(za)質(zhi)混入(ru)(ru)已熔(rong)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)，來不(bu)(bu)及浮出(chu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 3夾(jia)珠或(huo)(huo)稱鐵(tie)豆，一(yi)(yi)般是(shi)(shi)(shi)夾(jia)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)氣(qi)(qi)孔內(nei)(nei)(nei)，多是(shi)(shi)(shi)被混入(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)鐵(tie)，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 4、未(wei)(wei)融合(he)(he)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)母材邊緣夾(jia)被污染，沒有和焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)融合(he)(he)，多層(ceng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)渣皮沒有清(qing)理干凈等造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。 5、未(wei)(wei)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)透(tou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電流(liu)大(da)(da)小，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)速過(guo)(guo)(guo)快，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)絲斷(duan)弧，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)偏(pian)等造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。 6、裂紋(wen)(wen)(wen):縱向裂紋(wen)(wen)(wen)多是(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)變形(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)，微橋擺動過(guo)(guo)(guo)猛，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)墊輥(gun)位(wei)置不(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)適造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，橫向裂紋(wen)(wen)(wen)與(yu)(yu)母材雜(za)質(zhi)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)熱(re)輸入(ru)(ru)量有關系。 熱(re)裂紋(wen)(wen)(wen) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)埋弧焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)中(zhong)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)可產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)熱(re)裂紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，特(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)起弧和熄弧弧坑處由(you)于(yu)溫差大(da)(da)容(rong)易(yi)發生(sheng)(sheng)熱(re)裂紋(wen)(wen)(wen)。熱(re)裂紋(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)應力(li)很大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Si含(han)量很高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候最(zui)容(rong)易(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)。 三、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外觀(guan)缺(que)陷(xian)(xian) 1咬邊 咬邊是(shi)(shi)(shi)沿著焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)中(zhong)心(xin)線(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)邊部(bu)(bu)與(yu)(yu)管(guan)體過(guo)(guo)(guo)渡區(qu)出(chu)現溝槽。咬邊是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)速、電流(liu)、電壓(ya)等條件匹配不(bu)(bu)適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 2焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)瘤(liu) 焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，熔(rong)化(hua)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)流(liu)淌到焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之外未(wei)(wei)融化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)母材上所(suo)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)瘤(liu)。 3搭焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han) 鋼(gang)板邊緣上、下錯位(wei)對接(jie)，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)不(bu)(bu)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為管(guan)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)錯位(wei)或(huo)(huo)管(guan)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)搭焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)。 4過(guo)(guo)(guo)燒 焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，融化(hua)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)溫度過(guo)(guo)(guo)高自坡口流(liu)出(chu)，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)缺(que)陷(xian)(xian)。 5壓(ya)坑 軋輥(gun)麻點或(huo)(huo)輥(gun)面(mian)(mian)與(yu)(yu)管(guan)坯間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬物(wu)使(shi)管(guan)材表面(mian)(mian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低凹(ao)壓(ya)痕(hen)。 6焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)偏(pian) 焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)道偏(pian)離焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)中(zhong)心(xin)線(xian)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)偏(pian)離的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang) 7焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)灰斑 高頻電阻焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)（HFW）焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)方式所(suo)特(te)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)缺(que)陷(xian)(xian)。其特(te)征是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)拉伸試樣或(huo)(huo)沖擊試樣焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)宏觀(guan)端(duan)口上所(suo)出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)光澤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灰色(se)區(qu)域。通常認為，灰斑對焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度水(shui)平無明顯(xian)影(ying)響，但(dan)對焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)韌性和塑(su)性影(ying)響較大(da)(da)。 8 溝狀(zhuang)腐蝕(shi)(shi) 溝狀(zhuang)腐蝕(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)ERW鋼(gang)管(guan)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)種特(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐蝕(shi)(shi)現象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。服役于(yu)海(hai)水(shui)和工業用水(shui)等介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電阻焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)區(qu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇性局部(bu)(bu)腐蝕(shi)(shi)現象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)稱為溝狀(zhuang)腐蝕(shi)(shi)，多從(cong)表面(mian)(mian)開始呈連(lian)續或(huo)(huo)非連(lian)續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝狀(zhuang)，它(ta)可以導(dao)致(zhi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)年至數年內(nei)(nei)(nei)腐蝕(shi)(shi)穿孔。
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